Thursday, 25 August 2016

Leaked Documents of Scorpene Submarine (Published by First Post on 24 August 2016)

IMPLICATIONS OF LEAKED DOCUMENTS OF SCORPENE

On 06 Apr 2015, Parrikar undocked the fully fitted- out, but yet to be commissioned   first of class Project 75 submarine. It is scheduled  to be commissioned in September 2016 after mandatory sea trials. The project as contracted with the French builders DCNS had already suffered many slippages in delivery schedules and in naval parlance is well astern of the original intent of expeditious delivery to address the force level shortages of diesel electric submarines of the navy.

The earlier experience at Mazagaon Docks to build the German origin state of art submarine designed by HDW had to be terminated in late 1980's owing to allegation of corruption in the deal. The Indian navy was deprived of a well established production line when the Political decision to terminate it was taken ; more as a knee jerk reaction. The costly investment in infrastructure and technical manpower was thus wasted away. The opportunity cost of terminating this prestigious project can be  best summed up by the idiom, "cut your nose to spite your face". The cost was exorbitant to put it mildly.

Even though, the Soviets stepped in to supply   the EKM submarines to bolster the depleting force levels, a 30 year build programme which was approved at the end of 1990s, was to ensure that our build capacity was augmented by creating the necessary infrastructure and technical manpower in two indigenous yards. Inordinate delays in executing the plan has resulted in Mazagaon docks progressing the construction of the much delayed Scorpene. The other is yet to take off.

This is the backdrop against which the leaked documents of today need to be viewed.
The Australian newspaper which broke the story of the leak, has reportedly carefully redacted sensitive data contained in the leaked document, under the advice of Military and legal experts. A few pages exclusively sourced by First Post confirm that the redaction has been professionally             carried out. Whether it covers the whole document running into over 20000 pages is yet to be ascertained. Responsible and ethical reportage makes it incumbent on news paper to blank out what may have undesirable geo political implications. Australia too is on the threshold of building submarines with similar assistance. They ought to know the implications of this action.
As regards the sensitive data, acoustic signatures and 'cavitation appearance' are indeed closely guarded secrets and the sole custodian of such data is the builder. The builder creates a data bank based on simulated and empirical studies carried out over a long duration . The customer in turn would hold him to such data which needs to be proved during sea trials. Hence the actual recorded and analysed data during sea trials would be more valuable than what is stated in documents. Tactically the submarine has many options to deceive sonars by masking its radiated noise. Hence  the impact of such a disclosure ( authentic or not) depends on the quality of submarining-the Indian submariners have decades of experience on both Western and Eastern origin submarines.
Apropos the need to leak  this document and the timing of it, some deductions are possible..Competitors for the second line of building are most likely to gain from this leak . It means Billions of Dollars worth of business at a crucial time when both economy and employment are critical to their survival. It is not that MOD would terminate orders on DCNS- which would be another folly of even greater proportions-but the second line of production is round the corner. Builders from East and West are possibly salivating on the quantum of order.

The very nature of this leak of over 22000 pages makes it amenable to hacking. Considering that we are not a fully wired society, it is unlikely that any single in house source would have all such data on a single but networked computer. This could have  also been hacked from those OEMs in Europe who were associated with this project. We can at best speculate at this stage.

Is it critical for operations? Most of the pages, as would be the case in any documentation, would consist of data which is common to all builders. The operational profile being common to all submarines,  it is likely that factors related to detection of the submarine from ship, airborne  or a hunter killer submarine are critical to operations. But this is the raison d'être  of the submarine arm. Experienced submariners know how to avoid detection.

As regards data on  weapons, whether torpedoes or missiles, these are well known to all submariners. The greatest advantage that we have is that our submariners have for decades operated both Western and Eastern origin submarines and have learnt to innovate when required.

Recent reports suggest that the choice of Torpedoes which is the primary weapon, has not been finalised. In the extant case that has turned out to be an advantage as the torpedoes are the main weapon of submarines and this leaked document pertains to discussions held in 2011.

The navy needs more submarines to address the depletion of conventional units. Delays caused by events like these ought not to result in further reduction in force levels.

Parikkar's statement this morning is noteworthy for its sobriety


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