How Institutions are Destroyed

PLUNDERING OF INSTITUITIONS BY A BLUNDERING GOVERNMENT-NOW THE ARMY: 

January 19th, 2012 | Professionals Party of India

Just when we felt that we had seen it all, the Government in power (PPI likes to call it “Government in office”) decides to prove us wrong. Every Institution so carefully built to protect the citizen and provide good governance is being embarrassed or neutered systematically..CVC, CAG, UPSC, Minorities commission, Election Commission, etal. Rampant corruption, non adherence to well outlined procedures and practices and lack of coherence in decision making have been exacerbated by ‘foot-in-mouth’ disease  of senior Ministers and inability to communicate and connect with the Nation when it was most required.
The saga of age controversy of the Army Chief is perhaps the last straw. There is not a country in the world which could have blundered and prevaricated in the manner that this Government has. All it needed was good communications with the Army Headquarters and decisive action without delay.
The story of this controversy has been discussed adnauseam, thanks to the media. PPI would merely look to focus on the lessons of this episode with the sole objective of underscoring the importance of Good Governance. 
The Army has undoubtedly created a situation which should not have been referred to the Govt in the first instance. The systemic inadequacies and delineation of duties between two principal divisions i.e.MS branch and Adjutant General would have by now been addressed and corrected to avoid such embarrassments in future.
What needs to be addressed is the Civil-Military relation in the Indian Context, which has shown a continuous down slide since Independence. The containment of Service Headquarters by the Ministry of defence, relegating the service headquarters to an attached office status with neither decision making powers nor adequate financial powers, are some of the reasons pointed out by various committees set up by Governments in the past. These recommendations have not been implemented or selectively implemented to maintain status quo.
The Kargil review committee chaired by late Sri K Subrahmanium,a reputed Security analyst, had recommended integrating the Ministry of Defence with the service headquarters so that policy making bodies are a mix of civilian and Military personnel and seamless functioning is facilitated for better planning and deployment of our scarce resources. Had it been implemented in letter and spirit, there would have been no differences between the MOD and the services, since they would have been one entity.
There are some seminal lessons on which the Govt needs to concentrate instead of knocking at the doors of Supreme Court. Do read the Security Manifesto of PPI. You will notice we have underscored institutional remedies, such as integration, many years ago. Don’t you want professionals in Govt. Do not shun politics if you want your children to have a happy life.

SEMINAR ON PIRACY AT KARACHI

Despite all the right noises that Diplomats and politicians make on both sides of the Indo-Pak border,a genuine visitor still has to go through a harrowing experience to merely seek a visa.The situation is perhaps the same whether you are an Indian or a Pakistani who wants to cross the border.People to people contact which has been on the priority list for decades has made no progress whatsoever,as I discovered during a recent memorable visit to Karachi.

The organizers of a seminar on "The Human Face of Piracy" which was jointly conceived by a group of Indians and Pakistanis and supported by Dalhousie University of Canada(which has done seminal work on the subject) NDU of USA and conducted at the campus of Bahria University at Karachi;, were determined to ensure that the two players(India and Pakistan) who contribute substantial seafarers to the Merchant Marine participated in the seminar. To those who are not aware of the complications of conducting a seminar in either Pakistan or India, let me explain.The respective Ministries of External Affairs and Internal security have to scrutinize the proposal and satisfy their "curiosity" on why it should be held in the first instance. Thereafter the participants from India/Pakistan have to submit all their papers defining their profession and interests while filling the visa appliction form-which by itself is a very unique one. It becomes more complex if the applicant had anything to do with the Armed forces or other "Interesting Services" run by the respective Governments.

Adhering to every rule laid down by our Govts, the organizers processed each of the papers and followed it up at regular intervals. But then there is a very strict code of conduct based on the principle of quid pro quo-which somehow conspires to harass the applicant till almost the day of departure.People tp people contact is just not on the agenda of our officials who continue to treat every visitor as a possible threat to national security.   All this when the youth and the electronic media- enabled citizens  on bothsides have moved on from the post partition trauma. The information flow which cannot easily be controlled has brought about a realistic assessment of each others intentions and capabilities. That ,India under sustained democratic polity has gained substantially in all walks of life, is an acknowledged fact at the' people- level.' There is quite a desire to see what has empowered India to enable her to leverage her soft power under the overarching umbrella of economic growth. There is genuine desire to participate in a similar growth venture through exchange of ideas rather than confrontation through outdated and bankrupt politico-military strategies which have kept the two apart.
 How will any of us know that such a desire among the youth of Pakistan in particular is going viral, unless we visit each other as tourists,businessmen,scientists,scholars and simply professionals.
This visit of mine after a lapse of 25 years bewildered me.There were no signs of violence on the streets of Karachi as one is made to believe by the media. The students,a large cross section of them,were as global in their thinking as they were gizmo savvy. A mirror image of an upper middle class section of India.Commerce,business,bollywood,music,the Delhi Metro,the new international airports of Delhi,Bengaluru and Hyderabad etc were the subjects of curious and admiring youth with a strong desire to visit. Why not study in one of the IIM's or IIT's. When can we travel freely? Can we stay with you? These were the exchanges and not religion,mullas,fundamentalism or even talibanisation-not even mentioned in passing. They are too busy looking ahead at their future prospects and appear to have little or no time to worry about possibility of a failed state.

 Had I not been there during the regime of President Zia, I would not have pinched myself so many imes to remind myself that I was indeed in Karachi. Some may say that Karachi was always different-the Mumbai of Pakistan where the next meal was more important than everything else. But then the spontaneous warmth, the ready engagement even after being told that I was an Indian and the tears at farewell cannot easily be enacted. In any case at 65, I have seen enough to judge what is genuine. I suggest you judge for yourself when the borders are opened with a new vias regime. I am told it is round the corner.!!That will be the beginning of a new era in the sub-continent. 

SAM RETURNS-A MIRACULOUS EPISODE

Under tragic circumstances,when the whole family was stunned by the sudden departure of Sam, our African Grey,I blogged on 04 January and promised to say more when he returns. I had used the title "--God's Gift"-- without perhaps understanding the significance of my statement. Here is the narrative of what transpired between the 3rd of January and 30 jan when we finally recovered him about 15 kms from our residence. Those who question the existence of God in whatever form, may want to study the narrative to interpret the events in scientific terms, if possible. I couldn't.
Assuming that Parrots tend to remain in the vicinity of their abode, we concentrated on all the residential colonies in the vicinity by circulating posters and using the Internet.While cable TV carried an advertisement and a picture, Geeta,visited every apartment and spoke to occupants,drivers, domestic staff and car cleaners. We had hoped that Sam would enter one of the many hundred apartments near NIBM,which is also surrounded by a forest area. We found a great deal of sympathy,understanding and concern from pet lovers. A number of sighting calls followed and each had to be attended to.
Geeta had already contacted Pundits in three cities through close relatives and lovers of Sam.Surprisingly,all the predictions had one thing in common,that Sam was alive and in captivity. One even ventured to suggest that he had entered a friendly home. Most of them rated our chances of recovering Sam at 98%.
A week is about the outer limit for Sam to survive in an alien environment being an African and so with each passing day theoretically the percentage of survival diminished rather rapidly in my mind.

Sam Bangara is a legend in the family. Many had started prayers and poojas and vows to St Antony. Jakarta and Singapore had joined the prayer campaign . Geeta as a mother, could never accept that we had lost him. So she started a news paper campaign localised to Kondhwa, our area of Pune.Predictably, many sighting calls followed with no results.Scouring through news paper advertisement, Geeta established a link with a well educated lady numerologist/rekhi expert. An appointment for 30 minutes dragged on to an hour and a half. The lady claimed to feel the vibrations of Sam and recommended a few measures to locate him including a special pooja at an unique Hanuman temple. On 29th, when most of us had reconciled to the inevitability of the tragic loss supported by a sudden absence of sighting reports, the tenacious wife of mine,went in for another round of newspaper ads, which also contained a picture and a vivid description of Sam and his favourite hobby of calling out names of those close to him.He had adopted our part -time maid Renuka as one who was at his service. He often called her with a loud authoritative voice and when he wanted her to humour him she became his "Bahu". This call was a gentle and a loving one reserved only for her. Hence the newspaper advertisement included 'Renuka' as part of Sam's  repertoire of vocabulary.

On 30th we get a call from a young lady who announced that Sam had travelled to their house about 15 kms away and had entered their first floor residence full of pets, in a thickly populated residential colony, at the IT city of Magarpatta.Our visit to the Rosario family and a joyful reunion with Sam, could form the part of a full story. He could not have found a better house to take shelter after five days in the wilderness,exhuasted, hungry and having been attacked. He entered their house on 07 January and was well cared for till the young Rosario chanced upon the newspaper advertisement lying on the table of a friend in Kondhwa. The name Renuka rang a bell!!!!!

Sam is back and all the vows made are being honoured at temples,gurudwara and churches in many cities.Secularism and faith in all religions were on display throughout.. The most sympathetic calls and a ready heart to help came from the followers of Islam,whose gracious houses we did visit on receipt of sighting calls. Many knew only our cell numbers and not our names and we visited their homes without asking for their names.

Two striking features of this episode are worth noting.Not a single Pundit,priest. numerologist etc accepted any fee from us for their efforts. They simply attributed their free service, to the divine qualities of Sam who in their appreciation was sent to us by powers beyond human comprehension.How else can you explain how Sam entered the first floor apartment of the Rosario's, which in a maze of hundreds of multi-storey buildings is  not even visible from the air. In fact there is a small gap in the sequestered balcony of the house in which live a number of birds and four dogs in perfect harmony. Can you explain the series of coincidences in retrieving Sam?. Or was it a miracle which had been pre ordained. Indeed Sam is Gods gift to us and so we continue to bask in His glory. 

THE AGE ROW

THE AGE ROW-AN OPPORTUNITY FOR A NEW BEGINNING

Both the Army and the Government have cut a sorry figure, having brought in the media and the Court to solve what was essentially an in-house problem. The Army failed to remedy a mundane institutional weakness which caused two separate departments i.e. the Military Secretary who is responsible for career planning, promotions and postings of all officers and the Adjutant General who is the custodian of all records including personal data of officers at the time of induction, to clash and embarrass the whole nation. Incidentally, such a division does not exist in the Navy and Air force as the Personnel department is wholly accountable for all aspects including record keeping of their personnel.

The Media, both print and electronic participated with much enthusiasm and held kangaroo courts to condemn those involved in precipitating the age row concerning no less a person than the Chief of the Army Staff of India. .. While this saga has created much confusion within the Armed forces, the civilians are amused with the hullabaloo, over what they perceive to be a mole hill with no consequence whatsoever. All they want is to see the right general officer placed in the exalted chair of COAS.

For those of us who have spent decades on the subject of Civil-Military relations and the absence of a healthy and productive interface between the Govt and the Armed forces, it came as no surprise. The two imperatives that shape the military institution are, ‘functional’, stemming from the threat to society and ‘societal’ consisting of social forces, ideologies and institutions. In a democracy, these are evolving processes based on the experience gained during wars and the care and attention paid to the soldier to make soldiery a special and exalted profession. India has had very little of both. India has not been involved in long drawn out and debilitating wars which perforce involve the entire nation and demand the participation of all able bodied citizens in direct battle or support functions. In countries which faced hardships of great wars, a generation or more of people with knowledge of affairs Military, have made significant contributions towards preparedness for war. While those governments have utilized their expertise to plan the shape and size of the Armed forces, the Private sector has used their competence to equip the Military with appropriate weapons, sensors and ordnance.

In the Indian context, very little has been discussed on the vital need to nurture healthy civil-military relations. Most politicians do not educate themselves on the nuances of handling a highly professional and motivated Military. Some have equated the Military and the Police without realizing the professional and cultural differences between them. Politicising the Police force has been quite routine but the damaging consequences of politicising the Armed forces have not even been adequately addressed. Consequently most political leaders are uncomfortable dealing with the military and issues of National security. The natural buffer between the two is the civil servant who interprets the Military message to the politician and the political message to the Military. It was therefore most convenient for all to discourage direct contact between the Prime Minister and the Chiefs. The latter ought to be interacting with senior political leadership on all matters pertaining to management of the Armed forces without the need to interface with a layer of bureaucracy. Hence the proposal to create a Chief of defence staff, providing financial and administrative powers to the Chiefs etc have been opposed on specious grounds whenever specially constituted committees recommended this course of action.

Since the end of the Great Wars and the Cold war, many Western democracies have created better functional structures such as, more integration to fight modern wars and delegated powers with checks and balances, all to get the best bang for the buck.

In India, many eminent committees have been tasked by governments in power to find solutions to improving efficiency of the system...Among the many recommendations made by the Subrahmaniam Committee after the Kargil action (which cannot be termed as a war) some crucial ones which would have significantly enhanced the fighting potential of our Armed forces through synergy and integration were ignored by successive Governments. Integrating the Ministry of defence with the service headquarters was one, which, if it had been carefully executed, would have acted as a  multiplier in terms of efficiently administering the Armed forces. Professionals from the services would have occupied desks which need to have knowledgeable personnel to service the complex matrix of demand versus limited resources. Suitably qualified civilian experts would have supported personnel related issues and those of logistics..

The age row, as the one on show today, would not have happened simply because the ministry would have been one entity and the “us versus them” syndrome would have been a thing of the past. This is how democracies in the west function today

Finally,, why has age assumed such importance in selecting a Chief? Many modern and forward looking administrations have opted for a combination of merit and age. In the Indian context anything to do with discretionary powers to select the best officer for the assignment is fraught with danger as none would trust a political set up to be objective and impartial.. Yet, if we are to find the right man for the exalted chair, just the seniority or date of birth cannot possibly be the right methodology. We then have to create institutional mechanisms with transparent processes to recommend the right man. This will ultimately remove the less capable from the race. Bangladesh has opted for a system of contract for the Chief which provides a relatively long tenure and the powers to the Govt to terminate the contract if necessary. It is worth learning from countries that are willing to think out of the box.

India cannot afford to blunder along without correcting processes and mechanisms that are critical to its stature in the comity of nations. We have enough committee reports on almost any subject. What is required is the will to professionalise our decision making process. Here is an opportunity begging to be grabbed. Will we?

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MY SAM

SAM-OUR AFRICAN GREY AND A GIFT FROM GOD

It was in 2004 that Sam came to us at Kochi,during my last assignment in the Navy.He was a baby.The net will tell you all about the African Grey and how it has the IQ of a five year old human. In under two years, Sam not only conversed with a surprising repertoire of vocabulary but often surprised us with his interpretation of spoken words. His responses were immediate and appropriate to the situation. He had a keen sense of humour and would often reproduce the exact sound of my official car horn which would send the duty steward running to the door, even as he grabbed his cap to be properly attired in uniform. Sam would thereafter chuckle or guffaw which made the recipient of the prank rather angry.But then Sam was the Admiral's favourite and none had the guts to suggest disciplining the Parrot. Little did they know that the Admiral always wanted a pet who adored him rather than his charming wife. But then it was the lady who knew all about pets as she literally grew up  in a house full of pets-more like a zoo, as narrated by the family.

Retirement came soon and just when we were left to ourselves with the Children and Grand children not too far away, Sam filled the void. He became a constant companion at work and play. It was as if God had thought it fit to give us a child who would keep us occupied through the day. His meal timings,the shower which he adored and his insistance to be part of any conversation with or without guests became a legend among friends and acquaintances alike. The Bangara home, came to be known in the neighbourhood as "Totewala ghar"  Door bells were answered by a loud "Kon Hai" and the telephone with a cultured "Hello"

In many ways Sam was no less in his accomplishments than the famous Eienstein, the African Grey displayed  as a genious on You Tube. We however opted not to bribe Sam to display his talents but to let him do things his way and when he desired to do so.

On the morning of 03 January 2012, due to a careless act of our domestic help Sam flew away into the densely wooded and uniformly built concrete structures of our colony.Even semi literates find it difficult to identify a building in this complex without reading the number on the gate.Sam not having seen a house from the outside can never return unless God is willing to give us another chance.Will he survive in a hostile and alien environment long enough for us to get him? He did once before. It is 24 hours now and we will soon know. If Sam survives and is returned to us I shall tell you more about his love for music and dance. Until then do let us grieve in silence and hope that time will heal our wounds. 

NAVY DAY 2011

MODERNISATION AND INDIGENOUS CAPABILITY

“LINKS OF A STRONG CHAIN”

 The third Indian built Leander class frigate INS Udaygiri was despatched on a 14 nation cruise enroute to the Queen’s Coronation Fleet review, at Spit Head (UK), in 1977. As is the practise among many navies of the world, the ship was thrown open to visitors. Hundreds came on board in all the European ports to see an indigenously built frigate of the Indian Navy. It is said that a warship is a mirror of the technological and industrial capability of a country. It is a floating city with power generation facility often, enough to provide electricity to a whole township and all other essential features to house, feed the crew and fight a modern adversary. That the visitors were suitably impressed with what Mazagaon Docks had achieved in this very first venture was obvious from the glowing tributes in the media.

As young officers, who were fortunate to be a part of the commissioning crew, it was a rewarding experience and raised our expectations of what was to follow in the decades ahead. Indeed some of us held planning assignments as we grew. The navy had taken a conscious decision as early as in 1954, to create an in house cadre of naval architects to design and build warships for the navy. This single step provided the necessary impetus to our planners to confidently conceive a modern Fleet and even aim for an indigenous Carrier capability.

So, how have our efforts to modernise, matched our vision of a balanced force to counter challenges posed by the entire spectrum of maritime warfare? No navy of any calibre can plan without the ability to indigenise. The Indian navy had to contend with many limitations while planning a balanced force structure. Resource limitation was the first. The often unpredictable defence budget had a disproportionately small percentage allotted to the navy( from less than 10% to 17 % in recent years. The navy needs 20% of the pie to grow on a sustained basis). The man power intensive Army coupled with our paranoia related to continental threats ensured that the share of the navy in the limited defence budgets of the 1970s and 80’s remained woefully inadequate for any worthwhile planning. For more than a decade, orders for ships to offset the depleted force levels were just not placed. Submarine construction of German design with contemporary technology was terminated due to extraneous considerations. Our reliance on Soviet industries grew perilously, until the disintegration of the Soviet Union and with that the collapse of the supply chain so critical for war ship building, created a new challenge.

The Navy learnt to innovate. While planning and structuring the future navy was  within its charter, the execution of the plans after necessary approvals, was totally a MOD function. The ‘attached office’ status of service headquarters within the MOD denied the participation of professional naval officers in the decision making processes of the Govt. Under these circumstances, the Navy opted to maintain a healthy ratio between its revenue budget and its capital element. Nearly 50% of its meagre budget was put away for capital commitments of ship building and infrastructure creation. Hence began a sustained campaign to tighten our belts by keeping man power induction to the very minimum and placing heavy limitations on the use of the revenue element of the budget. Thus the most critical period of financial crisis was weathered before the post liberalisation/globalisation phase began to show positive signs in the GDP growth of India. With the sustained growth of GDP, Defence budgets were restructured and the navy’s share began to register an upward trend. The ships under construction in Defence PSU’s began to roll out.

From the Leanders to the Shivaliks  and soon to the indigenous Carrier being built at Kochi, is a journey filled with uncertainties, systemic infirmities , delays in DRDO projects, infrastructure inadequacies of our yards, serious time and cost over runs in production and policy flip flops in subsidies for the ship building industry as a whole.

Despite the short comings listed above, the navy has consistently pushed for a combination of war ship construction at home and abroad so as to maintain a balance between depleting force levels and combat effectiveness..

Could we have jumped many of these steps by an integrated approach to addressing issues that plague the ship building industry as a whole? Economic stability of the country is a precursor to many of the reforms that need urgent attention. While the navy has made progress in ship building and weapon-sensor development and integration, some critical weapons are still to be designed and produced in India. All the missiles and critical weapon systems are still imported. R&D in frontier and cutting edge technologies is very inadequate. While countries working with alliance partners can afford to share the burden of R&D and hope to achieve economy in scales due to volumes thus generated, India has very little scope to generate such volumes unless an export option is made viable. The Brahmos missile, a joint venture between Russia and India appears to be showing some potential in this direction. The Chinese cut the development cycle by reverse engineering and mass producing Russian weapons and sensors consequent to the breakup of the Soviet Union. Russian scientists of high calibre were found peddling their high grade design and research material on the streets and offering to work in countries which could accept them. That China made full use of this opportunity is evident from the war ship characteristics on display today. Joint venture with strategic partners is one way of cutting development cycles and costs.

Shifting focus to ship building, exploring modern building techniques providing subsidies to the industry, adopting PPP and JV models through integrated approach between Ministry of Defence (MOD) and Ministry of Shipping (MOS), creating a larger pool of naval architects, reducing time and cost over runs and finally making the best use of the new off set policy for defence procurement (Estimated at US$ 1 Billion for the navy alone) are some of the measures under consideration. The private sector understandably will continue to show disinterest if volumes remain unattractive and export options are not relaxed.

30 months is taken to produce a frigate in the west, it takes 72 months in India with a cost overrun of 300 %-a luxury we can no longer afford. And yet fault lines apart, the Navy can legitimately take pride in the quality of ships built over the years. Modern features such as stealth, integration of propulsion packages, improvements in Heat, ventilation and Air-conditioning (HVAC) are being incorporated in new designs for ships and submarines- both conventional and nuclear. A whole new range of ships from Patrol boats to Aircraft Carriers are now built in India. Entrepreneurs and small enterprises have benefitted as much as those who sail in them.

An edited version of this piece was carried by Indian express in the navy day pull out dec 2011